RISUG: An intravasal injectable male contraceptive.

Over the last two decades RISUG has been drawing attention in the field of male contraception. It promises to sterile men for a period of up to 10-15 years. According to recent studies in animal models, it proves to be completely reversible. Practically, there are no better options available that can assure complete sterility and precise reversibility. Regardless of so much of information available, RISUG is still holding up for many reasons, firstly, the available information engender bewilderment such as what is this copolymer, how does it work and is reversal really possible? Secondly, advancement of this outstanding invention is drastically slow and thirdly, effects of long-term contraception with RISUG and reports on evaluation of anomalies (if any) in F1, F2 progenies, are lacking. In this review the lacunae as well as advances in the development of RISUG in the light of published work and available resources are pointed out. Formulation of the RISUG, its mode of action and clinical trials have been addressed with particular emphasis.

Rare Case of Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva: Ruptured Into Left Ventricular Cavity.

Rupture sinus of Valsalva is a relatively rare condition. We report a rare case of ruptured left sinus of valsalva with aneurysm, presenting with acute left ventricular failure. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an aneurysmal dilatation of the base of interventricular septum and part of the aortic root and a marked turbulent flow from the aortic root to the left ventricle with a continuous systolodiastolic shunting. The patient underwent successful repair of ruptured sinus of valsulva with closure of fistula. During Ventriculotomy the defect was repaired using pledgeted 5/ 0 prolene interrupted sutures and pericardial patch.

Retroperitoneal Hematoma Following Enoxaparin Treatment in an Elderly Woman -A Case Report.

Retroperitoneal hematoma may occur as a result of trauma, rupture of arterial aneurysms (aortic or iliac), surgical complications, tumors and anticoagulation therapy. A life threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage or hematoma is an infrequent complication of anticoagulation treatment. Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with several advantages over unfractionated heparin. Nevertheless, enoxaparin use is not without risk and severe retroperitoneal bleeding may occur following its use with a potentially fatal outcome. We report a case of sixty six years old female patient who develops a fatal retroperitoneal hematoma two days after enoxaparin treatment for acute coronary syndrome.

Morphometry of the intercommissural distances and other structures of the aortic valve of bovine heart.

The morphometry of the intercommissural distances and their relation with other structures of the aortic valve of bovine heart was carried out. A total of 32 apparently healthy bovine hearts of indigenous cattle of both sexes (50% male and 50% female), 2-4 years of age, weighing 500 to 800 gms were used in this study. The external intercommissural distances were higher in all cusps of the valve compared to the internal intercommissural distances. The internal intercommissural distance was larger in the RC sinus in case of male animals followed by that of the LC and NC sinus. The mean external intercommissural distances were 34.67+/-3.40, 34.40+/-3.64 and 34.97+/-4.37 mm and the internal intercommissural distances were 21.60+/-4.21, 21.20+/-4.70 and 20.67+/-4.06 mm for LC, RC and NC respectively. Analyzing the internal intercommissural distance, value in the LC sinus was higher followed by the RC and the NC but this variation was non-significant. In regard to the position of the coronary ostia, there were two coronary ostia, the right coronary ostium present in the RC sinus and the left coronary ostium in the LC sinus respectively and the right coronary ostium was supracommissural in position in bovine heart. Data about the morphometrical analysis of intercommissural distances and the position of the coronary ostia of the aortic valve facilitate the knowledge of manufacturing bovine tissue valve as well as those might be involved in valve replacement in human.

Studies on the prospect of bioprostheses by bovine aortic valve for human use.

A total of 21 heart specimens from indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) were studied. The measurement and observation of bovine heart and aortic valve in different age group is the preliminary finding of this research work. After harvesting, the bovine aortic valves were measured and the sizes ranged from 21 mm to 35 mm in orifice diameter. In comparison with implanted aortic and mitral valves at NICVD in 1989, it indicates that the selected bovine heart valves (specially aortic valves) were similar to human valve size and can be used in future for implantation as far as the size is concerned. Now further study regarding making these tissue valves implantation worthy for clinical use is to be undertaken. We strongly feel the prospect is bright.